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Programming the Mobile Web : Testing and Debugging (part 2) - Server-Side Debugging & Markup Debugging

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2. Server-Side Debugging

To debug server-side detection, adaptation, or content delivery scripts, we can use some HTTP tools before turning to real devices. The most useful tool is the User Agent Switcher, a free plug-in for Firefox that you can install from http://www.mobilexweb.com/go/uaswichter (see Figure 6).

Figure 6. With the User Agent Switcher you can test websites using any mobile user agent.



Warning:

The User Agent Switcher doesn’t emulate all the headers of a mobile device, including the accepted MIME types, so you should not rely on this plug-in for testing this kind of detection. You can use other plug-ins, such as Tamper Data or Modify Headers, to change HTTP headers.


When you’ve installed this plug-in, you will find a new submenu in the Tools menu of Firefox using the name of the current user agent (it starts with “Default User Agent”). The plug-in changes the user-agent string that Firefox uses for making HTTP requests to the server. It comes with some user agents preinstalled, such as iPhone 3.0, and you can add as many others as you want using the Edit User Agent option.


Note:

I’ve created a list of mobile user-agent IDs that you can import when editing the list. You can also download this list from http://www.mobilexweb.com/go/uaswichter.


You can then browse to any website and see how the server manages the user agent and which content it serves. Remember to go back to the default user agent after finishing the debug session, or you may encounter problems in your browser.


Note:

Opera and Safari for desktop also offer native features to change the user agent without any plug-ins required.


When using real devices, it will be useful while debugging to store in some log all the request and response headers from the server-side code, so you can see the data the device is sending and receiving. DeviceAnywhere includes a solution for this purpose for all devices, or you can use any emulator that supports HTTP sniffing, like the Nokia and BlackBerry emulators (see Figure 7).

Figure 7. The Nokia emulator has a Diagnostics tool where we can see the HTTP headers and markup.


If you work with the ASP.NET platform on the server, you can activate the remote tracing mechanism and you will see every header and response from your mobile devices.

3. Markup Debugging

There is no automatic way to debug XHTML. This is a manual operation on every emulator, device, or remote device you can access. Safari on iOS has a console window that we can check for markup errors (we’ll cover it in a minute), but before doing this it is a good practice to validate the code using one of the online tools available for mobile markup.

3.1. W3C mobileOK Checker

The W3C offers a mobile markup checker that you can use for free at http://validator.w3.org/mobile. You can upload a file, copy and paste the code, or use a URL if you already have your mobile site on your server.


Warning:

Mobile Interactive Testing Environment (MITE) is a piece of software from Keynote for testing, validating, and monitoring mobile websites using thousands of simulated devices. You can download it from http://mite.keynote.com.


This markup checker is based on best practices published in the Mobile Web Best Practices standard defined at http://www.w3.org/TR/mobile-bp. It doesn’t guarantee that your code will work perfectly on all mobile devices if it passes; it is just intended to help you find possible problems in your code and areas that don’t conform to best practices.

The checker validates:

  • HTTP headers

  • MIME types and DOCTYPEs

  • Markup (against XHTML Basic 1.1 and XHTML MP 1.2)

  • Cache usage

  • Tag usage

  • Image, table, and frame usage

3.2. ready.mobi

The dotMobi team has created a free validator that includes the W3C mobileOK Checker tests and some others, plus some emulators and detailed error reports with suggestions. The validator is available at http://www.ready.mobi. You can use it for a single document by providing a URL or copying and pasting the code, or to report on an entire site, including site-wide testing (registration is required for this last function). You can see a sample in Figure 8.

Figure 8. ready.mobi is a good service for markup validation, although it may not have the best score for an HTML 5 or iPhone webapp.


As an advanced feature, you can specify the user agent that we want the checker to use, and a list of accepted MIME types.


Note:

dotMobi offers, through the Prometric testing service, a mobile web developer certification that will certify your mobile web knowledge. You can take the exam from anywhere in the world. More information can be found at http://prometric.com/dotMobi.


After analyzing your document, ready.mobi will assign you a score on a scale of 1 (very bad) to 5 (excellent). It will also report on the size of your document and resources and the estimated time and download costs for the user.

3.3. Firefox plug-ins
There is a plug-in for Firefox that will allow this browser to support the XHTML MP MIME type (not supported by default). You can download the plug-in from http://xhtmlmp.mozdev.org.
Other  
  •  Windows Phone 7 : Working with Controls and Themes - Adding Transition Effects
  •  Windows Phone 7 : Working with Controls and Themes - Understanding Frame and Page Navigation
  •  Windows Phone 7 : Working with Controls and Themes - Panorama and Pivot Controls
  •  Programming the Mobile Web : Widgets and Offline Webapps - Platforms (part 5) - Windows Mobile & BlackBerry
  •  Programming the Mobile Web : Widgets and Offline Webapps - Platforms (part 4) - Windows Mobile & BlackBerry
  •  Programming the Mobile Web : Widgets and Offline Webapps - Platforms (part 3) - webOS & Android
  •  Programming the Mobile Web : Widgets and Offline Webapps - Platforms (part 2) - iPhone, iPod, and iPad
  •  Programming the Mobile Web : Widgets and Offline Webapps - Platforms (part 1) - Symbian/Nokia
  •  Programming the Mobile Web : Widgets and Offline Webapps - Standards
  •  Mobile Application Security : BlackBerry Security - Networking
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